Introduction: Sebaceous nevus (SN) is a benign skin hamartoma with a potent transformation into benign or malignant tumors in adolescents or adults. Due to the most common location in the esthetic zone, an SN makes patients seek a dermatologist for cosmetic concerns on the face or neck. The surgical excision of a large-sized SN in the esthetic zone may require reconstruction with a skin flap and be associated with recurrences and scar formation. Case Report: We describe the successful treatment of the large-sized neck SN with COPPER VAPOR LASER (CVL) for the first time. A left-sided neck SN (linear size of 27 mm) in the 24-year-old Caucasian female completely resolved after eight CVL sessions. The settings were as follows: average power accounted for 0. 8-1. 0 W, with a ratio at green (511 nm) and yellow (578 nm) wavelengths of 3: 2. The pulse duration was set as 20 nanoseconds, the repetition rate 16. 6 kHz, the exposure time 200 ms, the light spot diameter of 1 mm. The CVL treatment resulted in the complete disappearance of the SN without remote side effects such as hyperpigmentation, scarring, or recurrences 24 months after the treatment. The patient was satisfied with the excellent cosmetic results. Conclusion: The CVL treatment of the SN provides the most relevant result due to the complete elimination of SN cells and the remodeling of the vascular bed supplying the involved areas.

Introduction: Rhinophyma is recognized as a common and severe skin disease manifested as progressive thickening of the nasal skin due to hypertrophy of the soft tissue. The most severe complication of rhinophyma is telangiectasis. So far the pathogenetic approach for the treatment of rhinophyma should be based on the removal of the dysplastic vessels to provide the appropriate revascularization of the involved skin area. Case Report: This study presented the experience of the treatment of rhinophyma with the COPPER VAPOR LASER (CVL) designed with the computerized scanner device. A 52-year-old elderly Caucasian male patient with typical clinical signs of rhinophyma was successfully managed during three sessions of CVL treatment. CVL emits light with a wavelength of 578 nm, exposure time of 0. 2 seconds. The settings used for the CVL in scanner mode were set at 1. 2 W. The scanner device has a hexagonal frame with a maximum width of 12 mm with the distance of 1 mm between centers of LASER spots. The CVL treatment resulted in a restoration of the natural appearance of the nose without side effect during 18 months after treatment. Conclusion: The described clinical case demonstrates excellent results of the management of rhinophyma by means of the scanned CVL. CVL treatment was associated with the removal both of dysplastic superficial skin vessels, the solution of the inflammation, decline of the sebum production and the disappearance of the nasal hypertrophy.

Introduction: Different yellow LASERs have been successfully used for the treatment of vascular lesions. This study is aimed to ascertain the role and efficiency of COPPER VAPOR LASERs (CVLs) and pulsed dye LASERs (PDLs) for the treatment of vascular lesions using numerical modeling and to compare results with our clinical experience. In this study we aimed to develop criteria for the choice of more efficient LASER exposure mode, investigate more relevant modes of LASER irradiation to ensure selective photothermolysis of target vessels, and compare the CVL and PDL efficiency in the course of patients with skin vascular lesions (SVL) treatment. Methods: We performed numerical simulation of the processes of heating a vessel with CVL and PDL to temperatures at which its coagulation could occur. Calculated fluencies were compared with clinical results of LASER therapy performed on 1242 patients with skin hemangiomas and vascular malformations (SHVM), including 635 patients treated with CVL and 607 patients treated with PDL. PDL and CVL provided excellent results in 40 and ten days after treatment. The treatment was not painful. Patients did not need anesthesia. Postoperative crusts were greater with PDL than with CVL. Results: Results of computer simulation of a selective vessel heating using PDL and CVL radiation are presented. By results obtained, depth of the location and sizes of vessels that could be selectively heated to more than 75° C are determined. Conclusion: Based on calculated and clinical data, the heating mode for dysplastic vessels using a series of CVL micropulses could be regarded to be safer and more efficient than the mode of a PDL short, powerful pulse.

In this study, the design of a low power gold VAPOR LASER is presented. The LASER tube is an alumina ceramic of cylindrical shape, having the length of 58cm and the inner bore diameter of 11mm. The maximum applied DC voltage is 4.2kV, and the average current is ~ 390mA. The system is operating at the pulse repetition rate of 18.2 kHz, with 40 mbar neon gas pressure. The maximum measured output power in sealed off and gas flow conditions are 710 and 450mW, respectively. The operational behavior of the present system has been compared with that of a COPPER VAPOR LASER of the same dimensions, showing that the power efficiency is much lower in the case of the gold VAPOR LASER. While both systems have similar time behavior and introducing similar response to the operational gas pressure, it seems, however, the LASER output powers versus the pulse repetition rate are different in each LASER. The measured output power versus the neon gas pressure has a maximum at 60 mbar gas pressure with a cutoff which occurs at 170 mbar.

Introduction: Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is a severe challenge for dermatology. This pigmented skin lesion is undesirable for patients because of its localization in open areas of the body. Various visible and near-infrared LASER systems and intense pulsed light (IPL) sources have been applied for CMN treatment. However, post-traumatic hyperpigmentation, structural changes, atrophy, and scarring due to non-specific thermal damage have been observed. Many patients have shown recurrence after treatment. Therefore, it highlights the need for testing new LASER modalities for the management of CMN. Methods: Two adult II Fitzpatrick phototype patients (a 55-year-old male and a 30-year-old female) with middle-sized facial CMN (on the forehead and lower eyelid) are presented. All patients were treated with dual-wavelength COPPER VAPOR LASER (CVL) radiation at 511 nm and 578 nm wavelengths with a power ratio of 3: 2. The average power was 0. 7-0. 85 W with an exposure time of 0. 3 seconds. The spot size amounted to 1 mm. Results: Both patients showed complete resolution of CMN after CVL treatments. CMN became crusted within a few days after the LASER treatment and peeled off within seven days. No recurrences were observed during the follow-up period up to 24 months. Conclusion: The middle-sized CMN can be successfully treated with dual-wavelength CVL radiation.

Introduction: Many clinical studies and protocols have been written about LASER treatment for fair skin phototypes. However, for dark-skinned phototypes, information is limited, and the risk of burns is higher, especially if the same settings are recommended for fair skin. Competitive epidermal melanin absorption decreases the light energy reaching dysplastic vessels in a port-wine stain (PWS), preventing the vessel from achieving the temperature of the desired clinical result. Therefore, the choice of safe LASER settings for different skin phototypes can be realized using numerical modeling of PWS vessel heating. This study aimed to demonstrate the algorithm for choosing both effective and safe photodestruction of dilated dermal vessels in PWS with the COPPER VAPOR LASER (CVL) at 578 nm for different skin phototypes. Methods: We used the multilayered skin model with different melanin content for detecting the safe LASER parameters for PWS treatment. The calculation of the selective heating of the vascular component with CVL radiation at yellow 578-nm wavelengths for different skin phototypes was performed via Matlab mathematical programming system and its application Femlab for solving partial differential equations using the Finite element method. Results: We determined the location, depth, and size of blood vessels that could be selectively heated to coagulation temperature for different skin prototypes. CVL fluence values need to be reduced almost two times for skin phototype IV than for skin phototype II to provide safe CVL treatment. The maximum depth of the location of the vessels, which can be selectively heated to coagulation temperature, also decreased for dark skin phototypes. Histological and histochemical findings validated the results of our calculations. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the use of numerical simulation to optimize has not yet been considered. According to our calculations, CVL could selectively heat the dilated vessel, which occurred in purple and proliferative-type PWS for dark skin at the reduced fluence range and depth.